Chistopher Bruce's Arthurian Name Dictionary

Arthurian Name Dictionary

Sources

This table cross-references the source codes at the end of each entry with the Arthurian source in which the character, place, object, symbol, or theme appears. The “text” column is a bibliographical annotation of the specific primary text from which I drew information about the Arthurian source. In as many cases as possible, I used a English translation or critical edition of the original source; however, lack of availability of many Arthurian sources (in either critical edition or translation) forced me to use reviews, summaries, and other secondary sources for a number of romances. The annotation “general” in the “text” column indicates that I could find no text that covered the source in adequate detail, and that information in the entries relating to this source comes from general Arthurian references, listed under “general reference” in the Bibliography.

Where no author is given, he or she is anonymous.

Source Code	Author & Title	Date, Form, & Language	Description	Keywords	Text

AlamAvar	Luigi Alamanni Avarchide	1548 Italian verse	Arthur and his soldiers besiege Avaricum in Gaul. Modeled on the Trojan War in Greek mythology.	Avaricum	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930
AlamGyr	Luigi Alamanni Gyron le Courtois (“Guiron the Courteous”)	1548 Italian verse	The adventures of Guiron, based ultimately on the French Palamedes	Guiron	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930
Allit	Alliterative Morte Arthure (Death of Arthur)	c. 1400 English verse	Arthur’s Roman War and death	Arthur Lucius Mordred Rome	Benson, Larry D., ed. King Arthur’s Death. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1994.
Andreas	Andreas Capellanus (Andreas the Chaplain) De Amore (“Of Love”)	c. 1185 Latin prose	Treatise on courtly love includes an episode in which a knight wins a hawk at Arthur’s court	Bruto King of Love	Andreas Capellanus. The Art of Courtly Love, ed. and trans. John Jay Parry. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1941.
Anglo	Anglo-Saxon Chronicle	9th c. English chronicle	Chronicle of Saxon events in England includes references to some Arthurian characters	Cerdic Hengist Natanleod Vortigern	Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1961.
Annales	Annales Cambriae (“Annals of Wales”)	c. 960–980 Latin chronicle	Simple list of dates and events, includes several Arthurian references. First mention of Mordred and Camlann	Arthur Badon Camlann Mordred	Morris, John, ed. British History and the Welsh Annals. London: Phillimore, 1980.
Antelan	Antelan	late 13th c. or early 14th c. German verse	Dwarf King Antelan of Scotland visits Arthur’s court, defeats Arthur’s knights, departs	Antelan	General
Arthour	Arthour and Merlin	late 13th c. English verse	English adaptation of Vulgate Merlin, used by Malory	Arthur, Lady of the Lake Merlin Rockingham	Macrae-Gibson, O. D., ed. Of Arthour and Merlin, 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Arthur	Arthur	c. 1428 English verse chronicle	Short chronicle of Arthur’s life based on Wace	Arthur Glastonbury	Furnivall, Frederick. Arthur: a Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1864.
Arthur&G	Arthur and Gorlagon	early 14th c. Latin prose	Arthur meets King Gorlagon, learns his story	Gorlagon	General
Arthur&K	Arthur and Kaletvwlch	14th c. Welsh prose	Short tale of Arthur’s youth, draws sword Caledfwlch from the stone	Caledfwlch	General
Atre	L’Atre Perilleux (“The Perilous Cemetery”)	mid-13th c. French verse	Gawain goes on quest to rescue Arthur’s abducted cupbearer, braves Perilous Cemetery	Escanor Perilous Cemetery	Woledge, Brian, ed. L’Atre périlleux. Paris: Champion, 1936.
Ausgleich	“Die Ausgleichung” (“The Adjustment”)	1806 German ballad	Chastity test involving both a horn and a mantle. Arthur and Guinevere fail.	Chastity Tests	General
Avowing	The Avowing of King Arthur, Sir Gawain, Sir Kay, and Baldwin of Britain	late 13th c. or early 14thc. English verse	During an adventure in Inglewood Forest, all title characters swear various vows, Baldwin emerges honorably	Baldwin Inglewood Menealf	Hahn, Thomas, ed. The Avowing of Arthur. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995
Awntyrs	The Awntyrs off Arthure at the Terne Wathelyn (“The Adventures of Arthur at Lake Wadling”)	late 14th c. English verse	Gawain & Guinevere encountered the ghost of Guinevere’s mother; Gawain battles Galleron of Galloway	Galleron Wadling	Hahn, Thomas, ed. The Awntyrs off Arthur. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995
Bataille	La Bataille de Loquifer (“The Battle with Loquifer”)	c. 1230 French verse	French hero named Renouart battles a giant, visits Morgan le Fay in the Island of Avalon	Renouart	Barnett, Monica, ed. La Bataille Loquifer. Oxford: Blackwell, 1975.
Bede	Bede Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (“The Ecclesiastical History of the English People”)	731 Latin chronicle	History of Britain drawn partially from Gildas, no mention of Arthur, but includes “Arthurian” characters and places	Ambrosius Badon Vortigern	Bede. The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Judith McClure and Roger Collins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Bek	Thomas Bek of Castleford Thomas Castleford’s Chronicle	1327 English chronicle	Chronicle of British events drawn partially from Geoffrey of Monmouth	Arthur	Castleford, Thomas. Thomas Castleford’s Chronicle, ed. Frank Behre. Elanders: Göteborg, 1940.
Beroul	Béroul Tristan	late 12th c. French verse	Earliest “common” or “primitive” Tristan legend. Exists only in a Fragment	Isolde Mal Pas Mark Tristan	Béroul. Tristan, ed. Norris J. Lacy. In The Romance of Arthur: an anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland, 1994.
Biket	Robert Biket Lai du Cor “Lay of the Horn”	mid to late 12th c. French verse	Chastity test at Arthur’s court involving a horn, only Caradoc has a faithful wife	Caradoc Chastity Tests	Biket, Robert. The Lay of the Horn. In Arthur, King of Britain, ed. Richard L. Brengle. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964.
Birth	Attributed to William Shakespeare and William Rowley The Birth of Merlin, or The Childe Hath Found His Father	1662 English play	Ambrosius and Uther deal with the Saxons while Merlin’s mother tries to locate the child’s father	Ambrosius Artesia Clown Joan Go-too’t Ostorius	Rowley, William, and William Shakespeare (attributed). The Birth of Merlin. In The Shakespeare Apocrypha, ed. C. F. Tucker Brooke. Oxford: Clarendon, 1967.
BlackmoreK	Sir Richard Blackmore King Arthur: An Heroick Poem: In Twleve Books	1697 English verse	Arthur intervenes in French affairs, slays evil king	Clotar	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
BlackmoreP	Sir Richard Blackmore Prince Arthur: An Heroick Poem: in Ten Books	1695 English verse	A young Arthur tries to reclaim the crown of Britain from the Saxons	Ethelina Tollo	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
Bliocadran	Bliocadran Prologue	early 13th c. French verse	Prologue to Chrétien’s Perceval. Perceval’s father, Bliocadran, quests and dies	Bliocadran	Wolfgang, Lenora D., ed. Bliocadran: a Prologue to the Perceval of Chrétien de Troyes. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1976.
Boccaccio	Giovanni Boccaccio De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (“The Fates of Illustrious Men”)	1355–62 Italian chronicle	Arthur’s life and death, drawn from Geoffrey of Monmouth	Arthur Round Table	Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Fates of Illustrious Men, ed. and trans. Louis B. Hall. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1965.
Boece	Hector Boece Scotorum Historiae	1527 Latin chronicle	Chronicle of British history written by a Scottish partisan, portrays Arthur negatively, glorifies Mordred	Arthur Lot Mordred Picts	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Boy	“The Boy and the Mantle”	16th c. English ballad	Chastity test at Arthur’s court involving a mantle	Caradoc Chastity Tests	Percy, Thomas, ed. “The Boy and the Mantle.” In Relique of Ancient English Poetry. London: Dent, 1938.
Buchanan	George Buchanan Rerum Scoticarum Historia	1582 Latin chronicle	Scottish version of Arthur’s life based on Boece, portrays Arthur very negatively	Arthur	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Butor	Baudin Butor Unknown	c. 1290 French prose	The pre-Arthurian period, including Vortigern and Pendragon	Ivoire Libanor Pendragon Uther	Thorpe, Lewis. “The Four Rough Drafts of Bauduins Butors.” Nottingham Medieval Studies, 12 (1968), 3–20; 13 (1969), 49–64; 14 (1970), 41–63.
Camden	William Camden Britannia	1586 Latin prose	Survey of British geography, includes many Arthurian locales, identifies Cadbury with Camelot	Cadbury	Camden, William. Britannia: or, a Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Islands Adjacent, from the Earliest Antiquity, trans. Richard Gough. London: John Nichols, 1789.
Cantare	Anonymous, possibly Antonio Pucci Cantare dei Cantari (“Song of Songs”)	c. 1380 Italian verse	Stories of Arthurian and Carolinian figures	New Table Old Table	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
CantariC	I Cantari di Carduino (“The Song of Carduino”)	c. 1370 Italian verse	The adventures of Carduino, son of Dodinel	Carduino	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
CantariT	I Cantari di Tristano (“The Song of Tristan”)	mid to late 14th c. Italian verse	A group of texts relating Tristan’s adventures; material found in the French Prose Tristan and the Italian La Tavola Ritonda	Merlin’s Stones Palamedes Tristan	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Caradoc	Caradoc of Llancarfan Vita Gildae (“Life of St. Gildas”)	c. 1130 Latin hagiography	Biography of St. Gildas, includes his experiences with Arthur and Guinevere’s kidnapping by Melwas	Gildas Glastonbury Hueil Melwas	Bruce, James Douglas. The Evolution of Arthurian Romance from the Beginnings Down to the Year 1300, vol. 1. Gloucester: Peter Smith, 1958.
Carle	The Carle off Carlisle (“The Churl of Carlisle”)	early 16th c. English ballad	Gawain’s episode with the Carl of Carlisle, adapted from Syre Gawene and the Carl of Carlyle.	Beheading Game Carl of Carlisle	Hahn, Thomas, ed., The Carle of Carlisle. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
Chantari	Li Chantari di Lancelotto (“The Song of Lancelot”)	late 14th c. Italian verse	The destruction of Camelot and the Round Table	Escalot Mordred Winchester	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Chaucer	Geoffrey Chaucer The Wife of Bath’s Tale in The Canterbury Tales	1387 English verse	A knight must learn what women most desire; marries the loathly lady	Loathly Lady	Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales: a Selection, ed. Donald R. Howard. New York: Penguin, 1969.
ChestreLvl	Thomas Chestre Sir Launfal	late 14th c. English verse	The adventures of Sir Launfal, adapted ultimately from Marie de France’s Lanval	Lanval	Chestre, Thomas. Sir Launfal. In Middle English Romances, ed. Stephen A. Sheperd. New York: Norton, 1995.
ChestreLyb	Thomas Chestre Lybeaus Desconus (“The Fair Unknown”)	late 14th c. English verse	The adventures of Gawain’s son, Guinglain, adapted from Renaut de Bâgé’s Le Bel Inconnu	Fair Unknown Guinglain Snowdon	Chestre, Thomas. Lybeaus Desconus, ed. M. Mills. London: Oxford University Press, 1969.
ChevEpee	Anonymous, possibly Paien de Maisières Le Chevalier à L’Épée (“The Knight with the Sword”)	late 12th c. French verse	Parody of Gawain adventures.	Ydain	Brewer, Elizabeth, ed. and trans. The Knight of the Sword. In From Cuchulainn to Gawain. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1973.
ChevPap	Le Chevalier du Papegau (“The Knight of the Parrot”)	late 14th c. or early 15th c. French prose	A young Arthur goes on adventures, earns the title nickname	Fish-Knight Knight of the Parrot Lady of the Blonde Hair	Vesce, Thomas E., trans. The Knight of the Parrot. New York: Garland, 1986
ChretienC	Chrétien de Troyes Cligés	late 12th c. French verse	Cligés and his father Alexander, heirs to the empire of Constantinople, have adventures at Arthur’s court and at home.	Alexander Alis Cliges Fenice	Chrétien de Troyes. Cligés. In The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ed. and trans. David Staines. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.
ChretienE	Chrétien de Troyes Erec	late 12th c. French verse	Erec marries Enide, drags her on a series of adventures	Enice Erec Joy of the Court	Chrétien de Troyes. Erec. In The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ed. and trans. David Staines. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.
ChretienL	Chrétien de Troyes Lancelot, or Le Chevalier de la Charrete (“The Knight of the Cart”)	late 12th c. French verse	Guinevere is kidnapped by Meleagant, Lancelot rescues her and begins an affair with her	Gorre Guinevere Lancelot Meleagant	Chrétien de Troyes. The Knight of the Cart. In The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ed. and trans. David Staines. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.
ChretienP	Chrétien de Troyes Perceval, or Le Conte del Graal (“The Story of the Grail”)	late 12th c. French verse	The adventures of the young Perceval, including his visit to the Grail Castle. First appearance of the Grail. Unfinished. Inspired many continuations and adaptations	Blancheflor Bleeding Lance Fisher King Maimed King Grail Grail Sword Perceval	Chrétien de Troyes. The Story of the Grail. In The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ed. and trans. David Staines. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.
ChretienY	Chrétien de Troyes Yvain, or Le Chevalier au Lion (“The Knight with the Lion”)	late 12th c. French verse	Yvain slays the Lord of the Fountain, marries his widow, has a series of adventures with a lion	Esclados Knight with the Lion Laudine Yvain	Chrétien de Troyes. The Knight with the Lion. In The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes, ed. and trans. David Staines. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.
ChroniconL	Chronicon de Lanercost (“Lanercost Chronicle”)	14th c. Latin chronicle	In 1216, Arthur visits and dines with the Bishop of Winchester	Peter of the Rocks	General
ChroniconM	Chronicon Montis Sancti Michaelis in Periculo Maris (“Chronicle of St. Michael’s Mount”)	early 12th c. Breton chronicle	A note that Arthur was king of Britain in 421	Arthur	General
Claris	Claries et Laris (“Claris and Laris”)	1268 French verse	The adventures and loves of two friends, Claris and Laris	Claris Laris	General
Conti	Conti di Antichi Cavalier (“Tales of the Knights of Old”)	13th c. Italian prose	One of 20 stories describes the parents of Galehaut and the Castle of Tears	Brunor Castle of Tears Galehaut	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Contin1	Attributed to Wauchier of Denain First Continuation of Chrétien’s Perceval	c. 1200 French verse	Continuation of Perceval describes adventures of Gawain and Caradoc	Brandelis Brun of Branlant Caradoc Gawain Grail Guiromelant Orguellos	Roach, William, ed. The Continuations of the Old French “Perceval” of Chrétien de Troyes, vols. 1–3. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949–83.
Contin2	Attributed to Gauchier of Donaing Second Continuation of Chrétien’s Perceval	c. 1200 French verse	Perceval gets tangled in a quest for a white stag’s head while trying to return to the Fisher King’s castle	Chessboard Castle Grail Knight of the Tomb Little Knight Perceval	Roach, William, ed. The Continuations of the Old French “Perceval” of Chrétien de Troyes, vol. 4. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949–83.
Contin3	Manessier Third Continuation of Chrétien’s Perceval	c. 1230 French verse	Perceval finally returns to the Grail Castle, is crowned Grail King	Black Hand Bleeding Lance Grail Perceval	Roach, William, ed. The Continuations of the Old French “Perceval” of Chrétien de Troyes, vol. 5. Philadephia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949–83.
Contin4	Gerbert de Montreuil Fourth Continuation of Chrétien’s Perceval	c. 1230 French verse	Perceval returns to the Grail Castle and mends the Grail sword	Grail Grail Sword Perceval	Gerbert de Montreuil. La Continuation de Perceval, ed. Mary Williams. 2 vols. Paris: Champion, 1922–5.
Culhwch	Culhwch and Olwen	late 11th c. Welsh prose	Culhwch wants to marry Olwen, seeks Arthur’s help to complete tasks necessary to do so. Includes list of some 250 Arthurian warriors.	Cauldron Culhwch Olwen Twrch Trwyth Ysbadadden	Ganz, Jeffrey, ed. and trans. How Culhwch Won Olwen. In The Mabinogion. New York: Penguin, 1976.
DeOrtu	De Ortu Waluuanii Nepotis Arturi (“Of the Rise of Gawain, Nephew of Arthur”)	late 13th c. Latin prose	The enfances of Gawain, his adventures in Rome, and early exploits at Arthur’s court.	Anna Castle of Maidens Gawain Gormundus Milocrates	Day, Mildred Leake, ed. The Rise of Gawain, Nephew of Arthur. In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland, 1994.
DeSancto	De Sancto Joseph ab Arimathia (“Of St. Joseph of Arimathea”)	1516 Latin prose	The life of Joseph of Arimathea	Glastonbury Joseph of Arimathea	Skeat, Walter W., ed. Joseph of Arimathie. London: Trübner, 1871.
Dialog	An Dialog Etre Arzur Roe d’an Bretounet ha Guynglaff (“A Dialogue Between Arthur and Guynglaff”)	late 16th c. or early 17th. c. Breton prose	Fragment of a meeting between Arthur and Guynglaff, who spouts Merlinesque prophecies	Guynglaff	Lacy, Norris J. and Geoffrey Ashe. The Arthurian Handbook. New York: Garland, 1988.
Dialogue	“Dialogue of Arthur and Gwenhwyfar”	16th c. Welsh verse	Conversation involving Guinevere, Melwas, and Kay	Melwas	General
Didot	Didot-Perceval	c. 1220–30 French prose	Adventures of Perceval as he becomes the Grail King, includes a section on the death of Arthur. Based partially on second continuation	Chessboard Castle Grail Perceval Perilous Seat	Roach, William, ed. The Didot-Perceval. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.
DisIst	Dis Ist Frauw Tristerat Horn von Saphoien (“This is Lady Tristerat of Savoy’s Horn”)	15th c. German verse	Lady Tristerat of Savoy sends a magical chastity horn to Arthur’s court.	Chastity Tests Tristerat	General
Drayton	Michael Drayton Poly-Olbion	1612 English verse	The Geography of Britain, including a number of Arthurian locales	Camelot Camlann	Drayton, Michael. Poly-Olbion, vol. 4, ed. J. William Hebel. Oxford: Shakespeare Head Press, 1961.
Dream	Breudwyt Rhonabwy (The Dream of Rhonabwy)	13th c. Welsh prose	A twelfth-century warrior falls asleep, dreams about meeting Arthur before the battle of Badon	Badon Osla Rhonabwy Yvain	Gantz, Jeffrey. The Dream of Rhonabwy. In The Mabinogion. New York: Penguin, 1976.
Dryden	John Dryden King Arthur; or, the British Worthy	1691 English opera	Arthur battles the Saxon Oswald, marries Emmeline	Emmeline Philadel Oswald	Dryden, John. King Arthur; or, the British Worthy, a Dramatic Opera. In The Works of John Dryden, ed. Sir Walter Scott. Edinburgh: T. & A. Constable, 1884.
DueTris	I Due Tristani (“The Two Tristans”)	1555 Italian prose	The story of Tristan and Isolde and their children, also called Tristan and Isolde	Infanta Maria Isolde Juan Tristan	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Durmart	Durmart le Gallois	early 13th c. French verse	The adventures of Durmart, who woos and wins Queen Fenise of Ireland	Dumart Fenise Nogant	Gildea, Joseph, ed. Durmart le Gallois. 2 vols. Villanova, PA: Villanova University Press, 1965–6.
Edolanz	Edolanz	mid-13th c. German verse	Fragment of the adventures of Edolanz, who rescues Gawain and wins a sparrowhawk tournament	Edolanz	General
Eilhart	Eilhart von Oberge Tristrant	1170–90 German verse	“Primitive” or “Common” version of the Tristan legend.	Isolde Isolde of the White Hands Mark Rivalin Tristan	Eilhart von Oberge. Tristrant, trans. J. W. Thomas. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1978.
Elucid	The Elucidation	13th c. French verse	Prologue to Chrétien’s Perceval.	Amangon	Thompson, Albert Wilder, ed. The Elucidation: a Prologue to the Conte del Graal. New York: Institute of French Studies, 1931.
Enfances	Les Enfances Gauvain (“The Youth of Gawain”)	early 13th c. French verse	Gawain’s infancy and youth, including his trip to Rome	Gawain Gawain the Brown Morcades	Micha, Alexandre. “Miscellaneous French Romances in Verse.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Erex	Erex Saga (“Saga of Erec”)	13th c. Icelandic prose	Adaptation of Chrétien’s Erec relating the tale of Erec and Enide	Erec Enide	Blaisdell, Foster W. and Marianne E. Kalinke, trans. Erex Saga and Ívens Saga: The Old Norse Versions of Chrétien de Troyes’s Erec and Yvain. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977.
Etienne	Étienne de Rouen Draco Normannicus (“The Norman Dragon”)	c. 1169 Latin chronicle	Arthur and King Henry II exchange letters over the proper rulership of Brittany	Henry II Rollandus	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Febusso	Febusso e Breusso (“Febus and Breus”)	c. 1325–35 Italian verse	Sir Breus the Pitiless stumbles into the cavern tomb of Febus. Based on an episode in Palamedes.	Breus Febus	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Ferguut	Ferguut	mid to late 13th c. Dutch verse	Adventures of Fergus, adapted from Guillaume le Clerc’s Fergus	Fergus	Sparnaay, Hendricus. “The Dutch Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Fielding	Henry Fielding Tom Thumb and The Tragedy of Tragedies	1730 English play	Parody of Arthuriana and tragic theater, involving the diminutive warrior Tom Thumb. Two versions.	Dollallolla Glumdalca Tom Thumb	Fielding, Henry. The Tragedy of Tragedies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1918.
Floriant	Floriant et Florete (“Floriant and Florete”)	c. 1250–75 French verse	The adventures of Floriant, raised by Morgan le Fay. He weds the daughter of the Emperor of Constantinople	Filimenis Florete Floriant Maragoz	Williams, Harry F., ed. Floriant et Florete. An Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1947.
FolieB	La Folie Tristan de Berne (“The Madness of Tristan”)	late 12th c. French verse	Episode in which Tristan visits Mark’s court disguised as a fool so he can meet with Isolde	Husdent Isolde Perinis Tristan	Bédier, Joseph, ed. Les Deux Poèmes de la Folie Tristan. Paris: Didot, 1907.
FolieO	La Folie Tristan d’Oxford (“The Madness of Tristan”)	12th c. French verse	Episode in which Tristan visits Mark’s court disguised as a fool so he can meet with Isolde	Husdent Isolde Petitcrieu Tristan	Bromiley, Geoffrey N. Thomas’s Tristan and the Folie Tristan d’Oxford. London: Grant & Cutler, 1986.
Froissart	Jehan Froissart Meliador	1361–69 French verse	Arthur’s Sir Meliador wins tournaments for the hand of Lady Hermondine of Scotland	Hermondine Meliador	Micha, Alexandre. “Miscellaneous French Romances in Verse.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Gaimar	Geoffrey Gaimar L’Estoire des Engles (“The History of the Angles”)	c. 1140 French chronicle	The history of the Angles in Britain, contains some Arthurian allusions	Angles Denmark Gunter	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Gargantuan	Les Croniques Admirables du Puissant Roy Gargantua (“The Admirable Chronicles of the Powerful King Gargantua”)	c. 1534 French prose	A mythical giant named Gargantua, whose parents were created by Merlin, serves Arthur for 200 years	Gargantua	Girault, François. The Tale of Gargantua and King Arthur, ed. Huntington Brown. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1932.
GeoffHR	Geoffrey of Monmouth Historia Regum Britanniae (“History of the Kings of Britain”)	c. 1138 Latin chronicle	First full version of Arthur’s life, his conquests, his war against Rome, his battle against Mordred’s rebellion, and his death. Probably the most important Arthurian text ever written. Mostly invented, but presented (and accepted) as history.	Ambrosius Arthur Camel Constantine Guinevere Merlin Mordred Rome Saxons Uther Pendragon Vortigern	Geoffrey of Monmouth. History of the Kings of Great Britain, trans. Sebastian Evans. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958.
GeoffVM	Geoffrey of Monmouth Vita Merlini (“The Life of Merlin”)	c. 1150 Latin verse	The latter days of Merlin, drawn from the Welsh tales of Myrddin.	Avalon Ganieda Merlin Morgan le Fay Rhydderch Taliessin	Geoffrey of Monmouth. Vita Merlini, ed. and trans. Jeffrey Ganz. New York: Penguin, 1976.
Geraint	Geraint and Enid	13th c. Welsh prose	Welsh adaptation of same material found in Chrétien’s Erec, with hero changed from Erec to Geraint	Enide Geraint	Gantz, Jeffrey, ed. and trans. Geraint son of Erbin. In the Mabinogion. New York: Penguin, 1976.
Gesta	Gesta Regum Britanniae (“Deeds of the Kings of Britain”)	mid-13th c. Latin	Adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth	Arthur Uther	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Gildas	Gildas De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae (“Of the Ruin and Conquest of Britain”)	c. 540 Latin chronicle	Tirade against the British kings, glorifying the old days of the Roman occupation, mentions Ambrosius, Vortigern, and Badon	Ambrosius Badon Vortigern	Gildas. De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae. In Six Old English Chronicles, ed. J. A. Giles. New York: AMS, 1968.
Giraldus	Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales) De Principis Instructione (“On the Instruction of Princes”)	c. 1193 Latin chronicle	Includes an account of the discovery of Arthur’s body at Glastonbury	Arthur Glastonbury	Wilhelm, James J. “Arthur in the Latin Chronicles.” In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland 1994.
Girart	Girart D’Amiens Escanor	c. 1280 French verse	Kay falls in love; Galantivet defends Gawain against a murder charge.	Andrivete Escanor Galantivet	Micha, Alexandre. “Miscellaneous French Romances in Verse.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Gliglois	Gliglois	early 13th c. French verse	Gawain and his squire, Gliglois, fall in love with the same woman. She chooses Gliglois.	Beauté Gliglois	Livingston, Charles H., ed. Gliglois: a French Arthurian Romance of the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1932.
Godfrey	Godfrey of Viterbo Pantheon	1169–91 Italian chronicle	Includes the story of Vortigern, Merlin, and Arthur’s conception	Merlin Uther Vortigern	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Gododdin	Aneirin Y Gododdin (“The Gododdin”)	c. 600 Scottish verse	Earliest Scottish poem contains first reference to Arthur’s name, though the poem is not about him	Arthur	Aneirin. “The Gododdin.” In The Earliest Welsh Poetry, ed. Joseph P. Clancy. London: Macmillan, 1970.
Goeznovii	Legenda Sancti Goeznovii (Legend of St. Goeznovius”)	1019 Latin hagiography	One section offers a purely historical account of Arthur and Vortigern	Arthur Vortigern	Wilhelm, James J. “Arthur in the Latin Chronicles.” In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland 1994.
Gogulor	Gogulor	13th c. French verse	Fragment of a story in which a young knight battles a giant named Gogulor	Gogulor	General
Golagros	Golagros and Gawain	late 15th c. Scottish verse	Arthur sees the castle of Golagros, decides to conquer Golagros, Gawain does so.	Golagros	Hahn, Thomas, ed. The Knightly Tale of Golagros and Gawain. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
Gottfried	Gottfried von Strassburg Tristan	early 13th c. German verse	Courtly version of the story of Tristan and Isolde, based on Thomas of England’s version	Isolde Isolde of the White Hands Mark Tristan	Gottfried von Strassburg. Tristan, ed. A. T. Hatto. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
Grene	The Grene Knight	c. 1500 English verse	Inferior adaptation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight	Beheading Game Bredbeddle Green Knight	Hahn, Thomas, ed. The Grene Knight. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
Guillaume	Guillaume le Clerc Fergus	1200–33 French verse	The adventures of Fergus, a Fair Unknown character who joins Arthur’s court.	Fergus	Guillaume le Clerc. The Romance of Fergus, ed. Wilson Frescoln. Philadephia: William H. Allen, 1983.
Hardyng	John Hardyng John Hardyng’s Chronicle	1457–64 English verse	Arthur’s life as given in Geoffrey of Monmouth.	Arthur Uther Vortigern	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
HartmannE	Hartmann von Aue Erec	late 12th c. German verse	German adaptation of Chrétien de Troyes’s Erec with some modifications	Enide Erec	Hartmann von Aue. Erec, trans. Thomas L. Keller. New York: Garland, 1987.
HartmannI	Hartmann von Aue Iwein	late 12th c. German verse	German adaptation of Chrétien de Troyes’s Yvain	Yvain	Hartmann von Aue. Iwein, ed. and trans. Patrick M. McConeghy. New York: Garland, 1984.
HeberMD	Reginald Heber Morte D’Arthur (“Death of Arthur’)	1812 English prose	Glorious Arthur. Guinevere longs for her past love, Cadual. Mordred plots against Arthur.	Arthur Cadual Mordred	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
HeberMG	Reginald Heber The Masque of Gwendolen	1816 English prose	Version of the Loathly Lady story	Loathly Lady	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
Heinrich	Heinrich von dem Türlin Diu Crône (“The Crown”)	c. 1230 German verse	Epic Grail story, presents Gawain as the Grail Hero. Includes abduction of Guinevere, Chastity Tests.	Amurfina Chastity Tests Gasozein Gawain Grail	Heinrich von dem Türlin. The Crown, ed. and trans. J. W. Thomas. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.
Henry	Henry of Huntingdon Historia Anglorum (“History of England”)	c. 1129 Latin chronicle	Chronicle of England, lists Arthur’s battles against the Saxons.	Arthur	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
HereJoA	Here Begynneth the Lyfe of Joseph of Armathia with a Praysing to Joseph	1520 English verse	Joseph, his quests, and his founding of the abbey at Glastonbury	Glastonbury Joseph of Arimathea	Skeat, Walter W., ed. Joseph of Arimathie. London: Trübner, 1871.
Heywood	Thomas Heywood The Life of Merlin	1641 English verse	Merlin’s life, focusing on his prophecies	Merlin	Heywood, Thomas. The Life of Merlin. In The Romance of Merlin, ed. Peter Goodrich. New York: Garland, 1990.
Hill	Aaron Hill Merlin in Love, or: Youth Against Magic	1740–60 English opera	Merlin falls in love with Columbine. She turns him into a donkey	Columbine Harlequin	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
Hilton	William Hilton Arthur, Monarch of the Britons, a Tragedy	1759 English verse	Dramatic account of Arthur’s downfall and death	Arthur	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
Historia	Historia Meriadoci Regis Cambrie (“Story of Meriadoc, King of Wales”)	late 13th c. Latin prose	The adventures of Meriadoc, who joins Arthur’s court and claims his heritage, the kingdom of Wales	Griffin Gundebald Meriadoc Orwen	Day, Mildred Leake, ed. and trans. The Story of Meriadoc, King of Cambria. New York: Garland, 1988.
Hole	Richard Hole Arthur, or the Northern Enchantment in Seven Books	1789 English prose	Arthur obtains the assistance of Merlin in fighting Hengist and the Saxons.	Hengist Inogen	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
HughesT	Thomas Hughes The Misfortunes of Arthur	1587 English play	Tragedy based on Geoffrey of Monmouth’s tale of Arthur’s downfall.	Arthur Gorlois Guinevere Mordred	Hughes, Thomas. The Misfortunes of Arthur, ed. Brian J. Corrigan. New York: Garland, 1992.
Hunbaut	Hunbaut	13th c. French verse	Gawain and Hunbaut have assorted adventures while on a mission for Arthur.	Hunbaut King of the Isles	Winters, Margaret, ed. Hunbaut. Leiden: Brill, 1984.
Huon	Huon de Bordeaux	early 13th c. French verse	The adventures of Huon of Bordeaux, his tutor Auberon, and their conflict with Arthur	Auberon Huon	General
Hupsches	Ain Hupsches Vasnachtspill und Sagt von Künig Artus (“A Pleasing Shrovetide Play About King Arthur”)	15th c. German Shrovetide play	The Queen of Zipper sends a chastity testing horn to Arthur’s court and it embarrasses all of Arthur’s noblemen.	Chastity Tests Zipper	General
Ilas	Ilas et Solvas (“Ilas and Solvas”)	14th c. French verse	Fragment of a tale in which Ilas and Solvas break allegiance with Arthur.	Ilas Solvas	General
Ivens	Ivens Saga (“Saga of Yvain”)	13th c. Norse prose	Norse adaptation of Chrétien de Troyes’s Yvain.	Yvain	Blaisdell, Foster W., ed. and Marianne E. Kalinke, trans. Erex Saga and Ívens Saga. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977.
Jaufre	Jaufré	late 12th c. or early 13th c. French verse	Jaufré, a knight in Arthur’s service, slays a giant named Taulat.	Brunissen Jaufré Taulat	Rémy, Paul. “Jaufré.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Jean	Jean D’Outremeuse Ly Myreur des Histors (“The Mirror of Histories”)	c. 1350 French prose	Accounts of the reigns of Uther and Arthur	Caradoc Galopes Guinevere Modred	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Jeaste	The Jeaste of Sir Gawayne	late 15th c. English verse	Gawain sleeps with a maiden in a pavilion, defeats her father and brothers.	Brandelis Gilbert	Hahn, Thomas, ed. The Jeaste of Sir Gawain. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
JohnF	John of Fordun Chronica Gentis Scotorum (“Chronicle of the People of Scotland”)	c. 1385 Latin chronicle	First of the Scottish chronicles to portray Mordred as the rightful heir to the British throne	Mordred	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
JohnG	John of Glastonbury Cronica sive Antiquitates Glastoniensis Ecclesie (“Chronicle of the Antiquities of the Church of Glastonbury”)	mid-14th c. Latin chronicle	History of the church at Glastonbury. Describes the discovery of Arthur’s body in 1190.	Glastonbury	General
Johnson	Richard Johnson Tom a Lincolne	1599–1607 English prose	The adventures of Tom a Lincoln, Arthur’s illegitimate son.	Black Knight Tom a Lincoln	Merriman, James Douglas. The Flower of Kings: a Study of the Arthurian Legend in England Between 1485 and 1835. Wichita: University Press of Kansas, 1973.
Joseph	Joseph of Arimathie	c. 1375 English verse	Account of Joseph of Arimathea’s travels based on the Vulgate Estoire del Saint Graal	Joseph of Arimathea	Skeat, Walter W., ed. Joseph of Arimathie. London: Trübner, 1871.
KingA&C	“King Arthur and King Cornwall”	16th c. English ballad	Arthur and his knights visit the court of King Cornwall and defeat him.	Cornwall	Hahn, Thomas, ed. “King Arthur and King Cornwall.” In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
KingAD	“King Arthur’s Death”	16th c. English ballad	Short ballad about Arthur’s death.	Arthur Lucan	Percy, Thomas, ed. “King Arthur’s Death.” In Relique of Ancient English Poetry. London: Dent, 1938.
KingR	“King Ryence’s Challenge”	16th c. English ballad	King Ryence demands Arthur’s beard	Rions	Percy, Thomas, ed. “King Ryence’s Challenge.” In Relique of Ancient English Poetry. London: Dent, 1938.
Konrad	Konrad von Stoffeln Gauriel von Muntabel	late 13th c. German verse	Sir Gauriel must embark on a series of adventures in order to return to the graces of his fairy wife.	Gauriel	General
LancLac	Lancelot do Lac (“Lancelot of the Lake”)	1215–20 French prose	First biography of Lancelot, his youth with the Lady of the Lake, his earliest adventures at Arthur’s court. Incorporated into the Vulgate Lancelot	Ban Claudas Dolorous Guard Galehaut Lady of the Lake Lancelot	Corley, Corin, trans. Lancelot of the Lake. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
LancLaik	Lancelot of the Laik	late 15th c. Scottish verse	Arthur’s war with Galehaut and Lancelot’s involvement.	Galehaut Lancelot	Lupak, Alan, ed. Lancelot of the Laik and Sir Tristrem. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1994.
Lanethen	“Lanethen Mantel” (“Laneth’s Mantle”)	15th c. German ballad	Arthur’s niece sends a chastity mantle to Arthur and embarrasses his court.	Chastity Tests Laneth	General
Layamon	Layamon Brut	late 12th c. to mid-13th c. English verse	English adaptation and expansion of Wace’s Roman de Brut	Argante Arthur Lucius Mordred Round Table	Layamon. Brut, ed. Rosamund Allen. New York: St. Martin’s, 1952.
Legend	“The Legend of King Arthur”	16th c. English ballad	Arthur reviews the triumphs and misfortunes of his life.	Arthur Mordred St. Bernard’s Mount	Percy, Thomas, ed. “The Legend of King Arthur.” In Relique of Ancient English Poetry. London: Dent, 1938.
Liber	Liber de Compositione Castri Ambaziae	c. 1140 Latin prose	Establishment of the house of Anjou, includes Arthur’s war against Lucius.	Billeius Clodius Honorius	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Livre	Le Livre d’Artus (“The Book of Arthur”)	early 13th c. French prose	Continuation of Robert de Boron’s Merlin, including the adventures of Arthur and Gawain.	Arthur Gawain Greu Pellinore Saxons	Somer, H. Oskar, ed. The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances, vol. 7. Washington: Carnegie Institution, 1908–16.
Lohengrin	Lohengrin	c. 1283–89 German verse	Adventures of Loherangrin, based on character created by Wolfram von Eschenbach.	Elsam Loherangrin Swan Knight	General
Lorengel	Lorengel	15th c. German verse	Adaptation of Lohengrin	Elsam Loherangrin	General
Lovelich	Henry Lovelich History of the Holy Grail and Merlin	c. 1450 English verse	English verse translation of Vulgate Estoire del Saint Graal and Merlin.	Joseph of Arimathea Merlin	Ackerman, Robert W. “English Rimed and Prose Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Luneten	Der Luneten Mantel (“Lunet’s Mantle”)	15th c. Shrovetide play	Lunet sends a magical chastity mantle to Arthur, embarrasses the court.	Chastity Tests	General
LyfeJoA	The Lyfe of Joseph of Armathy	English prose English prose	A version of Joseph of Arimathea’s life	Joseph of Arimathea Mordrains	Skeat, Walter W., ed. Joseph of Arimathie. London: Trübner, 1871.
Maerlant	Jacob van Maerlant Torec	c. 1280 Dutch verse	Sir Torec recovers a family heirloom and defeats Arthur’s knights for the love of a maiden.	Mariole Torec	Sparnaay, Hendricus. “The Dutch Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Major	John Major Historia Majoris Britanniae	1521 Latin chronicle	History of Britain written by a Scot, yet portraying Arthur positively	Arthur	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Malory	Sir Thomas Malory Le Morte Darthur (“The Death of Arthur”)	1469–70 English prose	The entire life of Arthur and his court, divided into several sections, including Arthur’s ascension (with the assistance of Merlin), the Roman War, the tale of Lancelot, the story of Gareth, the tale of Tristan, the Grail Quest, and Arthur’s death. One of the most influential Arthurian works. Based on the Vulgate Cycle, the Post-Vulgate Suite, the English Arthour and Merlin, the Stanzaic Le Morte Arthur and the Alliterative Morte Arthure.	Arthur Balin Bedivere Elaine Gareth Gawain Grail Guinevere Lamorat Lancelot Lucius Merlin Morgan le Fay Palamedes Tristan Urry	Malory, Sir Thomas. Le Morte Darthur, ed. R. M. Lumiansky. New York: Macmillan, 1982.
Mannyng	Robert Mannyng of Brunne The Story of England	1338 English chronicle	Account of Arthur’s life based on Wace.	Arthur	Mannyng, Robert. The Chronicle of Robert Manning of Brunne, ed. Frederick J. Furnivall. Lessing-Druckerei: Kraus, 1965.
MantelD	Anonymous, possible Heinrich von dem Türlin Der Mantel (“The Mantle”)	13th c. German verse	Chastity test involving a mantle at Arthur’s court.	Chastity Tests	General
MantelM	Le Mantel Mautaillié (“The Ill-Fitting Cloak”)	late 12th c. French verse	A mantle brought to Arthur’s court tests the chastity of the ladies.	Chastity Tests	Bennett, Philip E., ed. Mantel et Cor: deux lais due 12e siècle. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1975.
Manuel	Manuel und Amande (“Manuel and Amande”)	late 13th c. German verse	Fragment of the story of Manuel of Greece, who marries Amande	Amande Manuel	General
MarieC	Marie de France Chevrefueil (“The Honeysuckle”)	mid to late 12th c. French verse	Tristan and Isolde enjoy a passionate tryst in the forest during Tristan’s exile from Mark’s court.	Isolde Tristan	Marie de France. The Honeysuckle. In Lays, trans. Eugene Mason. London: Dent, 1911.
MarieL	Marie de France Lanval	mid to late 12th c. French verse	The earliest existing tale of Sir Lanval, and Arthurian knight who falls in love with a fairy.	Lanval	Marie de France. Lanval. In Lays, trans. Eugene Mason. London: Dent, 1911.
Marriage	“The Marriage of Sir Gawain”	15th c. English ballad	Gawain marries the Loathly Lady to find out what women most desire.	Loathly Lady	Shepard, Stephen H. A., ed. “The Marriage of Sir Gawaine.” In Middle English Romances. New York: Norton, 1995.
Melekh	Melekh Artus (“King Arthur”)	1279 Hebrew prose	Two sections from the Vulgate: Uther’s seduction of Igerne, and Arthur’s death.	Lanval Lancelot Uther	Leviant, Curt, ed. and trans. King Artus: a Hebrew Arthurian Romance of 1279. New York: KTAV, 1979.
Melion	Melino	c. 1200 French verse	Sir Melion is a werewolf.	Melion	General
Meriadeuc	Meriadeuc or Le Chevalier aux Deux Épées (“The Knight of the Two Swords”)	c. 1225–50 French verse	The adventures of Meriadeuc, called the Knight with the Two Swords, as contrasted with those of Gawain.	Lore Meriadeuc Ris Waste Chapel	Arthur, Ross G. and Noel L. Corbett, trans. The Knight of the Two Swords. Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 1996.
Merveil	Jehan Les Merveilles de Rigomer (“The Marvels of Rigomer”)	mid to late 13th c. French verse	Arthur’s knights set out to conquer Rigomer Castle in Ireland. Gawain succeeds.	Dionise Quintefuele Rigomer	Jehan. The Marvels of Rigomer, trans. Thomas E. Vesce. New York: Garland, 1988.
Modena	N/A The Modena Archivolt	1120–40 Italian sculpture	Sculpture on cathedral in Modena, Italy, depicts Arthur’s knights rescuing Winlogee (Guinevere?) from Mardoc and Carrado	Caradoc Mardoc Winlogee Yder	Loomis, Roger S. Arthurian Legends in Medieval Art. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1966.
Moriaen	Moriaen	mid to late 13th c. Dutch verse	Morien, son of Sir Aglovale, goes on a quest to find his father.	Aglovale Morien	Weston, Jessie L. Morien: a Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from Medieval Dutch. London: Nutt, 1901.
Mottuls	Möttuls Saga (“Saga of the Mantle”)	13th c. Norse prose	A mantle brought to Arthur’s court tests the chastity of the ladies.	Chastity Test	Kalinke, Marianne E., trans. The Saga of the Mantle. In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland 1994.
Myrddin	Various; all Myrddin poems	12th c.–15th c. Welsh verse	A collection of short poems on Myrddin, the prophet and bard in Welsh tradition who anticipated Merlin	Arfderydd Gwenddolau Gwenddydd Myrddin Rhydderch	Bollard, John K. “Myrddin in Early Welsh Tradition.” In The Romance of Merlin, ed. Peter Goodrich. New York: Garland, 1990.
Nennius	Probably Nennius Historia Brittonum (“History of the Britons”)	early 9th c. Latin chronicle	Earliest chronicle containing Arthur, describing his 12 battles against the Saxons and his connection to two “miracles.” Includes Vortigern, Ambrosius.	Ambrosius Amr Arthur Badon Cabal Octa Snowdon Vortigern	Nennius. Historia Brittonum. In British History and the Welsh Annals, ed. John Morris. London: Phillimore, 1980.
Novellino	Il Novellino	c. 1300 Italian prose	Collection of short stories, including five on Arthurian matters.	Alibano Good Knight without Fear Meliadus	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Ogier	Roman d’Ogier le Danois (“Romance of Ogier the Dane”)	14th c. French verse	Ogier the Dane gets shipwrecked on Avalon, becomes Morgan le Fay’s lover.	Ogier	Bruce, James Douglas. The Evolution of Arthurian Romance from the Beginnings Down to the Year 1300, vol. 1. Gloucester: Peter Smith, 1958.
Owain	Owain	13th c. Welsh prose	Story of Owain that contains much of the same material as Chrétien’s Yvain	Lady of the Fountain Yvain	Gantz, Jeffrey, ed. and trans. Owein, or The Countess of the Fountain. In The Mabinogion. New York: Penguin, 1976.
Paien	Paien de Maisières La Mule Sans Frein (“The Mule Without a Bridle”)	late 12th c. French verse	Gawain embarks on a quest to recover a bridle for a maiden.	Beheading Game Sgoidamur	Paien de Maisières. The Mule Without a Bridle, ed. and trans. Elizabeth Brewer. In From Cuchulainn to Gawain. Cambridge: Brewer, 1973.
Palamedes	Palamedes	c. 1240 French prose	Two tales—Guiron le Courtois and Meliadus—relating the adventures of the generation before Arthur. Preserved in the Compilation of Rusticiano da Pisa.	Esclabor Febus Guiron Meliadus Palamedes	General
Parlement	The Parlement of the Thre Ages	mid to late 14th c. English verse	Debate between young, middle-aged, and old men includes an account of Arthur’s life	Excalibur Mont St. Michel	Offord, M. Y., ed. The Parlement of the Thre Ages. London: Oxford University Press, 1967.
Penninc	Penninc and Pieter Vostaert Roman van Walewein (“Romance of Gawain”)	mid to late 13th c. Dutch verse	Gawain seeks the Floating Chessboard, becomes involved in a series of related quests.	Floating Chessboard Sword with the Two Rings Wonder Ysabele	Sparnaay, Hendricus. “The Dutch Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Peredur	Peredur	13th c. Welsh prose	The adventures of Peredur, related to Chrétien de Troyes’s Perceval	Black Serpent Fortress of Marvels Hags of Gloucester Peredur	Gantz, Jeffrey, ed. and trans. Peredur Son of Evrawg. In The Mabinogion. New York: Penguin, 1976.
Perlesvaus	Perlesvaus	early 13th c. French prose	Grail romance continuing and adapting Chrétien de Troyes’s Perceval. Perceval becomes Grail King.	Brien of the Isles Loholt Orgeluse Perceval	Bryant, Nigel, trans. The High Book of the Grail. Ipswich: Brewer, 1978.
Pieri	Paolino Pieri La Storia di Merlino (“The Story of Merlin”)	c. 1300–05 Italian prose	Merlin’s youth and early prophecies	Marinaia Matteo Merlin	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Pierre	Pierre de Langtoft The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft	c. 1300–07 English chronicle	Chronicle of Britain, including Arthur’s life, based on Geoffrey of Monmouth.	Arthur Constantine Leo Lucius Mordred	Pierre de Langtoft. The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft from the Earliest Period to the Death of King Edward I, 2 vols., ed. Thomas Wright. Lessing-Druckerei: Kraus, 1964.
PleierG	Der Pleier Garel von dem blühenden Tal (“Garel of the Blossoming Valley”)	1240–70 German verse	Sir Garel embarks on a series of quests, defeats an enemy of Arthur.	Ekunaver Eskilabon Garel Vulganus	Pleier, The. The Pleier’s Arthurian Romances, trans. J. W. Thomas. New York: Garland, 1992.
PleierM	Der Pleier Meleranz	1240–70 German verse	The assorted adventures of Meleranz, Arthur’s nephew.	Dulceflur Godonas Meleranz Tydomie	Pleier, The. The Pleier’s Arthurian Romances, trans. J. W. Thomas. New York: Garland, 1992.
PleierT	Der Pleier Tandareis and Flordibel	1240–70 German verse	Tandareis, and Arthurian knight, must complete a series of quests to prove himself worthy of Flordibel.	Flordibel Kandalion Karedos Tandareis	Pleier, The. The Pleier’s Arthurian Romances, trans. J. W. Thomas. New York: Garland, 1992.
PostMer	Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin (“Continuation of Merlin”)	1230–40 French prose	Continuation of Prose Merlin found in the Post-Vulgate includes the early adventures of Arthur’s court, the Dolorous Stroke. Followed by the Post-Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal.	Accalon Balin Erec Excalibur Humber Lot Merlin Morgan le Fay Morholt Pelleas Pellinore Tor	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vols. 4 & 5. New York: Garland, 1996.
PostMort	Post-Vulgate Mort Artu (“Death of Arthur”)	1230–40 French prose	Brief account of Arthur’s final days and death, based on the Vulgate Mort Artu, follows the Post-Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal.	Arthur Arthur the Less Bleoberis Gawain Girflet Guinevere Lancelot Logres Mark Mordred Rome	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 5. New York: Garland, 1996.
PostQuest	Post-Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal (“Quest of the Holy Grail”)	1230–40 French prose	Account of the Grail Quest, taken in part from the Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal. Follows the Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlini, precedes the Post-Vulgate Mort Artu. Galahad is the Grail Hero. Mark invades Arthur’s lands during the Grail Quest, but is defeated. Includes two near-independent romances, La Folie Lancelot and the Prose Erec.	Arthur the Less Bors Erec Galahad Gawain Grail Lancelot Mark Meraugis Palamedes Pelles Perceval Questing Beast Sword with the Strange Hangings Tristan	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 5. New York: Garland, 1996.
Povest	Povest’ o Tryshchane (“Romance of Tristan”)	c. 1580 Slavic prose	The life and adventures of Sir Tristan, adapted from the French Prose Tristan.	Foul Heathen Galec Lancelot Liburn Samsiz Tristan	Dekanic-Janoski, Sonja. “The Serbo-Russian Romance of Tristan and Isolt.” In The Tristan Legend: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation, ed. Joyce Hill. Leeds: University of Leeds, 1977.
Presbys	Ho Presbys Hippotes (“The Old Knight”)	c. 1300 Greek verse	An Old Knight visits Arthur’s court and defeats all of Arthur’s knights.	Branor the Brown Old Knight	Martin, R. H., trans. “A Greek Poem About the Deeds of King Arthur, Tristan, Lancelot, Gawain, Palamedes, and Other Knights of the Round Table.” In The Tristan Legend: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation, ed. Joyce Hill. Leeds: University of Leeds, 1977.
Prophecies	Richart d’Irlande Les Prophecies de Merlin (“The Prophecies of Merlin”)	1272–79 French prose	Merlin relates a series of prophecies to his scribes.	Alexander the Orphan Merlin	Berthelot, Anne, ed. Les Prophesies de Merlin. Cologne: Bodmer, 1990.
ProsBrut	Prose Brut	late 13th c. to late 15th c. various chronicles	Group of Anglo-Norman, English, and Latin chronicles ultimately based on Geoffrey of Monmouth.	Arthur Hengist Mordred Rome St. Bernard’s Mount	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
ProsMer1	Prose Merlin	early 13th c. French prose	Birth and deeds of Merlin, based on Robert de Boron’s verse Merlin. Incorporated into the Vulgate Merlin.	Antor Merlin Sword in the Stone	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 1. New York: Garland, 1996.
ProsMer2	Prose Merlin	mid-15th c. English prose	English translation of the Vulgate Merlin.	Merlin Ninniane	Goodrich, Peter, ed. “Middle English Prose Merlin.” In The Romance of Merlin. New York: Garland, 1990.
ProsTris	Prose Tristan	1230–40 French prose	First full integration of Tristan into the Arthurian cycle. Various manuscripts of varying length, some with conflicting accounts.	Alexander the Orphan Dinadan Faramon Governal Isolde Lancelot Mark Meliadus Palamedes Tristan	Curtis, Renée L., trans. The Romance of Tristan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
PucciB	Antonio Pucci Gismirante	1340–80 Italian verse	Gismirante embarks on an adventure to save Arthur’s court from starvation.	Gismirante	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
PucciG	Antonio Pucci Brito di Brettagna	1340–80 Italian verse	Brito must obtain artifacts from Arthur’s court to win the love of a lady.	Brito	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Pulzella	La Pulzella Gaia (“The Merry Maiden”)	1350–75 Italian verse	Pulzella Gaia, the daughter of Morgan le Fay, falls in love with Gawain.	Morgan le Fay Pulzella Gaia	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Quando	Quando Tristano e Lancielotto Combattettero al Petrone di Merlino (“When Tristan and Lancelot Fought at Merlin’s Stone”)	late 15th c. Italian verse	Through a misunderstanding, Tristan and Lancelot fight at one of “Merlin’s Stones.”	Merlin’s Stones	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Raoul	Raoul de Houdenc Meraugis de Portlesguez	early 13th c. French verse	Meraugis embarks on adventures to prove himself worthy of Lidoine.	Gorvain Cadrut Island Without a Name Lidoine Meraugis Sword with the Strange Hangings	Raoul de Houdenc. Meraugis de Portlesguez, ed. Mathias Freidwagner. Halle: Niemeyer, 1897.
Renaut	Renaut de Bâgé Le Bel Inconnu (“The Fair Unknown”)	1185–90 French verse	Guinglain, Gawain’s son, known as the “Fair Unknown,” must save Blonde Esmeree from two sorcerers.	Esmeree Fair Unknown Guinglain Mabon Maiden of the White Hands	Renaut de Bâgé. Le Bel Inconnu, ed. Karen Fresco, trans. Colleen P. Donagher. New York: Garland, 1992.
Riddere	Die Riddere Metter Mouwen (“The Knight with the Sleeve”)	mid to late 13th c. Dutch verse	The adventures of Miraudijs, known as the “Knight with the Sleeve.”	Knight with the Sleeve	Sparnaay, Hendricus. “The Dutch Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
RobertBlo	Robert de Blois Beaudous	mid to late 13th c. French verse	The adventures of Gawain’s son, Beaudous.	Beaudous Fair Unknown	General
RobertBorJ	Robert de Boron Joseph d’Arimathie	1191–1202 French verse	The early history of the Grail and the life of Joseph of Arimathea.	Alain Bron Grail Joseph of Arimathea	Robert de Boron. Joseph d’Arimathie, ed. Richard O’Gorman. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1995.
RobertBorM	Robert de Boron Merlin	1191–1202 French verse	Fragment detailing Merlin’s association with Arthur.	Merlin Sword-in-the-Stone	General
RobertG	Robert of Gloucester The Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester	late 13th c. English verse	Chronicle of Britain, including Arthur’s life.	Arthur	Fletcher, Robert H. The Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, Especially Those of Great Britain and France. Boston: Ginn, 1906.
Sachs	Hans Sachs Die Ehbrecherbruck (“The Adulterer’s Bridge”)	1545 German verse	Arthur builds a bridge to test Guinevere’s chastity; Guinevere passes.	Chastity Tests.	General
SagaTI	Saga af Tristram ok Isodd (“Saga of Tristan and Isolde”)	14th c. Icelandic prose	The story of Tristan and Isolde	Isolde Isolde the Dark Kalegras Mórodd Spain Tristan	Hill, Joyce, ed. and trans. “The Icelandic Saga of Tristan and Isolt.” In The Tristan Legend: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation. Leeds: University of Leeds, 1977.
SaintsCad	Lifris Life of St. Cadoc	late 11th c. Latin hagiography	St. Cado saves a murderer from Arthur’s wrath.	Cadoc	Chambers, E. K. Arthur of Britain. Cambridge: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1927.
SaintsCar	Life of St. Carannog	late 11th c. Latin hagiography	St. Carannog helps Arthur drive away a serpent.	Carannog	Chambers, E. K. Arthur of Britain. Cambridge: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1927.
SaintsI	Life of St. Illtud	late 11th c. Latin hagiography	The deeds of St. Illtud, Arthur’s cousin.	Illtud	Chambers, E. K. Arthur of Britain. Cambridge: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1927.
SaintsP	Life of St. Padarn	late 11th c. Latin hagiography	Padarn traps Arthur in a chasm to punish him for insolence.	Padarn	Chambers, E. K. Arthur of Britain. Cambridge: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1927.
Sala	Pierre Sala Tristan	1525–29 French prose	Prose version of the life of Tristan.	Tristan	Sala, Pierre. Tristan, ed. L. Muir. Geneva: Droz, 1958.
Scott	Sir Walter Scott The Bridal of Triermain	1804 English verse	Triermain, Arthur’s wicked daughter, visits Arthur’s court and turns a tournament into a blood-bath. Merlin puts her to sleep.	Triermain	Scott, Sir Walter. “The Bridal of Triermain.” In The Complete Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott, ed. Horace E. Scudder. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1900.
Short	Short Metrical Chronicle	1307 English verse	Chronicle of confused chronology, includes Arthur.	Arthur Hengist Uther	Zettl, Ewald, ed. An Anonymous Short English Metrical Chronicle. London: Oxford University Press, 1935.
SirCor	Romance of Sir Corneus	15th c. English verse	Chastity test involving a drinking horn.	Chastity Tests.	General
SirDeg	Sir Degrevant	c. 1400 English verse	The adventures of Sir Degrevant	Degrevant	Casson, L. F., ed. The Romance of Sir Degrevant. London: Oxford University Press, 1949.
SirGawain	Sir Gawain and the Green Knight	c. 1400 English verse	One of the finest Middle English romances. Gawain is challenged to a Beheading Game by the Green Knight.	Gawain Green Knight	Stone, Brian, trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. London: Penguin, 1974.
SirLamb	Sir Lambewell	16th c. English verse	Variation of the tale of Sir Lanval.	Lanval	Hales, John W. and Frederick J. Furnivall, eds. “Sir Lambewell.” In Bishop Percy’s Folio Manuscript. London: Trübner, 1867.
SirLanc	“Sir Lancelot du Lake”	16th c. English ballad	Lancelot fights Tarquin.	Lancelot Tericam	Percy, Thomas, ed. “Sir Lancelot du Lake.” In Relique of Ancient English Poetry. London: Dent, 1938.
SirLand	Sir Landeval	early to mid 14th c. English verse	Variation of the tale of Sir Lanval.	Lanval	Sheperd, Stephen A., ed. Sir Landevale. In Middle English Romances. New York: Norton, 1995.
SirPerc	Sir Perceval of Galles	early 14th c. English verse	The adventures of Sir Perceval without the Grail.	Acheflur Perceval	French, Walter H. and Charles B. Hale, eds. Sir Perceval of Galles. In Middle English Metrical Romances. New York: Russell & Russell, 1964.
SirTris	Sir Tristrem	c. 1300 English verse	Full “courtly” version of Tristan’s life.	Isolde Mark Morgan Rouland Tristan	Lupack, Alan, ed. Lancelot of the Laik and Sir Tristrem. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1994.
Spenser	Edmund Spenser The Faerie Queene	1570–99 English verse	“Prince” Arthur tries to find Gloriana, the Fairy Queen, assists a number of knights during his adventure. Poem is incomplete.	Gloriana	Spenser, Edmund. The Faerie Queen, ed. A. C. Hamilton. London: Longman, 1977.
Spoils	Attributed to Taliessin Preiddeu Annwfn (“The Spoils of Annwn”)	c. 900 Welsh verse	Arthur and his warriors visit the otherworld and recover a cauldron.	Annwn Cauldrons Pridwen	Bollard, John K. “Arthur in Early Welsh Tradition.” In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland, 1994.
Stanz	The Stanzaic Le Morte Arthur (“The Death of Arthur”)	14th c. English verse	Arthur’s death as described in the Vulgate Mort Artu, including the Maiden of Escalot, Guinevere’s infidelity, and Mordred’s rebellion.	Bedivere Escalot Guinevere Lancelot Mador Mordred Salisbury	Benson, Larry D., ed. King Arthur’s Death. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1994.
Stricker	Der Stricker Daniel von dem blühenden Tal (“Daniel of the Blossoming Valley”)	1210–25 German verse	Sir Daniel overcomes Arthur’s enemies, becomes a king.	Cluse Daniel Matur	Der Stricker. Daniel of the Blossoming Valley, trans. Michael Resler. New York: Garland, 1990.
SyreGaw	Syre Gawene and the Carle of Carlyle	c. 1400 English verse	Gawain visits the Carl of Carlisle, acquits himself honorably, marries the Carl’s daughter.	Baldwin Carl of Carlisle Gawain	Hahn, Thomas, ed. Sir Gawain and the Carl of Carlisle. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
Tavola	La Tavola Ritonda (“The Round Table”)	1325–1350 Italian prose	Italian adaptation of the Prose Tristan and the Vulgate Queste.	Dinadan Galahad Lancelot New Table Old Table Palamedes Tristan	Shaver, Anne, trans. Tristan and the Round Table: a Translation of La Tavola Ritonda. Binghamton, NY: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1983.
TennIK	Alfred, Lord Tennyson Idylls of the King	1859–86 English verse	Collection of poems tracing Arthur’s rise and downfall.	Arthur Balin Elaine Gareth Geraint Grail Guinevere Merlin Pelleas Tournament of the Dead Innocence Vivien	Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Idylls of the King, ed. J. M. Gray. London: Penguin, 1983.
TennLS	Alfred, Lord Tennyson “The Lady of Shallot”	1832 English verse	Lament of the Lady of Shallot (Escalot) for Lancelot.	Shallot	Tennyson, Alfred Lord. The Poems of Tennyson, ed. Christopher Ricks. London: Longmans, 1969.
Thelwall	John Thelwall The Fairy of the Lake	1801 English play	Rowena lusts for Arthur. Vortigern lusts for Guinevere. The Lady of the Lake saves them both.	Guinevere Lady of the Lake Rowena	Thelwall, John. The Fairy of the Lake. In Poems Chiefly Written in Retirement, ed. Johnathan Wordsworth. Oxford: Woodstock, 1989.
Thomas	Thomas of England Tristan	1170–75 French verse	The earliest “courtly” version of the Tristan legend. Exists only in fragments.	Isolde Isolde of the White Hands Kahedins Mark Tristan	Thomas of Britain. Tristan, ed. and trans. Stewart Gregory. New York: Garland, 1991.
Tistram	“Tistram og isolde” (“Tristan and Isolde”)	16th c. Danish ballad	Tristan and Isolde enjoy a rendezvous under a linden-tree.	Isolde Mangus Tristan	Bradley, S. A. J. “The Danish Ballads of Tristan and Isolt.” In The Tristan Legend: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation, ed. Joyce Hill. Leeds, University of Leeds, 1977.
Topography	N/A N/A	N/A Physical topography	Various Arthurian locales in Britain and elsewhere.		Ashe, Geoffrey. The Landscape of King Arthur. New York: Holt, 1987.
Triads	Triads of the Island of Britain	11th c. to 14th c. Welsh “Triads”	Indexes of Welsh oral legends, grouped into sets of three (Triads), many of which mention Arthur.	Bran Camlann Guinevere Mordred	Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein: the Welsh Triads. Cardiff: University of Wales Press,1978.
TrisFrag	Welsh Tristan fragment	c. 1550 Welsh prose	A fragment of a tale of Tristan and Isolde.	Isolde Mark Tristan	Thompson, R. L., trans. “A Welsh Fragment of Tristan.” In The Tristan Legend: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation, ed. Joyce Hill. Leeds: University of Leeds, 1977.
TrisKv	“Tristrams Kvædi” (“Poem of Tristan”)	early 15th c. Icelandic ballad	Account of the death of Tristan.	Isolde Isolde the Dark Tristan	Hill, Joyce. “The Icelandic Ballad of Tristan.” In The Tristan Legends: Texts from Northern and Eastern Europe in Modern English Translation, ed. Joyce Hill. Leeds: University of Leeds, 1977.
TrisMonch	Tristan als Mönch (“Tristan as a Monk”)	early to mid 13th c. German verse	Tristan disguises himself as a monk to meet with Isolde.	Isolde Tristan	General
TrisSaga	Tristrams Saga ok Ísöndar	1226 Norse prose	First full “courtly” version of the Tristan saga.	Isolde Mark Tristan	Scach, Paul, trans. The Saga of Tristram and Isond. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1973.
TrisStone	N/A Tristan Stone	Erected 6th c. Monolith with inscription	A monolith in Cornwall that commemorates the death of “Drustanus,” son of “Cunomorus.”	Cunomorus Tristan Tristan Stone	Ashe, Geoffrey. The Landscape of King Arthur. New York: Holt, 1988.
TristanoP	Tristano Panciaticchiano	early 14th c. Italian prose	Various portions of Tristan’s life, derived ultimately from the French Prose Tristan and the Vulgate romances.	Giafredi Tristan	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
TristanoR	Tristano Riccardiano	late 13th c. Italian prose	Italian adaptation of the French Prose Tristan.	Brunor Galehaut Mark Meliadus Palamedes Sanza Avventura Tristan	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
TristanoV	Tristano Veneto	15th c. Italian prose	Venetian translation of The French Prose Tristan.	Isolde Mark Tristan	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Turke	The Turke and Gowin	c. 1500 English verse	A turk (churl) leads Gawain on a series of adventures, ending on the Isle of Man.	Beheading Game Gromer Man	Hahn, Thomas, ed. The Turke and Gawain. In Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995.
Tyolet	Tyolet	late 12th c. French verse	The youthful adventures of Sir Tyolet.	Morgan le Fay Tyolet	Weston, Jessie L. Guingamor, Lanval, Tyolet, Le Bisclaveret. New York: AMS Press, 1970.
UlrichZ	Ulrich von Zatzikhoven Lanzelet	c. 1200 German verse	Lancelot’s early adventures, perils, and wives. Includes an abduction & rescue of Guinevere and a Chastity Test.	Ade Iblis Iweret Lancelot Malduc Pluris Valerin	Ulrich von Zatzikhoven. Lanzelet, trans. Kenneth G. T. Webster. New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.
Vallet	Le Vallet à la Cote Mal Tailliée (“The Knight of the Ill-Fitting Coat”)	13th c. French verse	A fragment. The Knight of the Ill-Fitting Coat arrives at Arthur’s court.	Knight of the Ill-Fitting Coat	General
Vasnacht	Das Vasnachtspil Mit der Kron (“The Shrovetide Play with the Crown”)	15th c. German Shrovetide Play	King of Abian sends a crown to Arthur that tests the fidelity of the men at court.	Chastity Tests	General
Vendetta	La Vendetta Che fe Messer Lanzelloto de la Morte di Miser Tristano (“The Revenge of Sir Lancelot for the Death of Sir Tristan”)	14th c. Italian verse	Lancelot, avenging Tristan’s murder, kills King Mark of Cornwall.	Lancelot Mark Tristan	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
Vengeance	Raoul, possibly Raoul de Houdenc La Vengeance Raguidel (“The Avenging of Raguidel”)	early 13th c. French verse	Gawain avenges the death of Sir Raguidel, with the help of Yder, by defeating King Guengasoain.	Gawain Guengasoain Raguidel Yder	Raoul de Houdenc. La Vengeance Raguidel, ed. Mathias Friedwagner. Halle: Niemeyer, 1909.
VitaMer	Vita di Merlino con le Sue Profetie (“The Life of Merlin, with His Prophecies”)	c. 1480 Italian prose	Italian translation of the Prose Merlin	Gregorio Lady of the Lake Meliadus Merlin	Gardner, Edmund G. The Arthurian Legend in Italian Literature. London: Dent, 1930.
VulgEst	Vulgate Estoire del Saint Graal (“History of the Holy Grail”)	1220–35 French prose	Grand history of the Grail based partly on Robert de Boron. Covers Joseph of Arimathea’s life, his emigration to Britain, and the founding of the Grail Castle at Corbenic. Followed by the Vulgate Merlin.	Alain Bleeding Lance Bron Camelot Celidoine Corbenic Grail Grail Table Joseph of Arimathea Josephus Mordrains Nascien Peter	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 1. New York: Garland, 1996.
VulgLanc	Vulgate Lancelot	1215–30 French prose	Long account of Lancelot’s birth, rearing, knighting, adventures, love for Guinevere, and rescue of Guinevere from Meleagant. It follows the Vulgate Merlin and precedes the Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal.	Ban Bors Claudas Corbenic Dolorous Guard Gaheris Galehaut Guinevere Guinevere the False Hector Lady of the Lake Lancelot Lionel Meleagant Saxon Rock	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vols. 2 & 3. New York: Garland, 1996.
VulgMer	Vulgate Merlin	1220–35 French prose	Redaction of the Prose Merlin with a long continuation describing Merlin’s birth and deeds, Arthur’s ascension to the throne, the war against the Saxons, and the Roman War. It follows the Vulgate Estoire del Saint Graal and precedes the Vulgate Lancelot.	Arthur Ban Claudas Gawain Guinevere Lady of the Lake Leodegan Merlin Pendragon Rions Rome Round Table Saxons Sword in the Stone Uther Vortigern Yvain	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 1. New York: Garland, 1996.
VulgMort	Vulgate Mort Artu (“Death of Arthur”)	1215–30 French prose	The downfall of Arthur’s court; the adultery of Lancelot and Guinevere; Arthur’s war with Lancelot; Mordred’s rebellion; the final battle; Arthur’s death. Follows the Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal.	Arthur Escalot Gawain Girflet Guinevere Lancelot Mador Mordred Rome Salisbury	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 4. New York: Garland, 1996.
VulgQuest	Vulgate Queste del Saint Graal (“Quest of the Holy Grail”)	1215–30 French prose	The quest to find the Holy Grail. Galahad is the victor, with Bors and Perceval. Gawain is called a murderer. Lancelot is denied spiritual fulfillment because of his affair with Guinevere. Follows the Vulgate Lancelot and precedes the Vulgate Mort Artu.	Bors Castle of Maidens Corbenic Galahad Grail Lancelot Lionel Perceval Sarras Sword with the Strange Hangings	Lacy, Norris J., ed. Lancelot-Grail: the Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation, vol. 4. New York: Garland, 1996.
Wace	Wace Roman de Brut (“Romance of Brut”)	c. 1155 French verse	Chronicle of British History based on Geoffrey of Monmouth; first appearance of the Round Table.	Arthur Rome Round Table Saxons	Wace. Roman de Brut. In The Arthurian Chronicles of Wace and Layamon, ed. and trans. Eugene Mason. London: Dent, 1970.
Walewein	Walewein ende Keye (“Gawain and Kay”)	mid to late 13th c. Dutch verse	Gawain humiliates Kay.	Kay	Sparnaay, Hendricus. “The Dutch Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Wartburg	Wartburgkrieg	13th c. Compilation of German poems	Wolfram von Eschenbach debates the sorcerer Clinschor.	Clinschor Wolfram von Eschenbach	General
Wedding	Possibly Sir Thomas Malory The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell	15th c. English verse	Gawain marries the Loathly Lady to find what women desire most in order to save Arthur from a captor.	Gawain Gromer Loathly Lady Ragnelle	Sheperd, Stephen H. A., ed. The Weddyng of Syr Gawen and Dame Ragnell for Helpyng of Kyng Arthoure. In Middle English Romances. New York: Norton, 1995.
WelshGer	Geraint filius Erbin	10th c. or 11th c. Welsh poem	Geraint’s deeds at the battle of Llongborth are praised; Arthur or his men were also present.	Geraint Llongborth	Bollard, John K. “Arthur in Early Welsh Tradition.” In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland, 1994.
WelshGlew	Untitled	10th c. or 11th c. Welsh verse	A dialogue between Arthur and Glewlwyd Mighty Grip. The deeds of Kay and other warriors are mentioned.	Cath Palug Glewlwyd	Bollard, John K. “Arthur in Early Welsh Tradition.” In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland, 1994.
WelshSG	“The Stanzas of the Graves”	10th c. or 11th c. Welsh verse	The grave sites of a number of heroes are named.	Anoeth Arthur	Bollard, John K. “Arthur in Early Welsh Tradition.” In The Romance of Arthur: an Anthology of Medieval Texts in Translation, ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York: Garland, 1994.
Wigamur	Wigamur	1240–60 German verse	The youth, education, and adventures of Sir Wigamur.	Wigamur	General
WilliamM	William of Malmesbury Gesta Regum Anglorum (“Deeds of the Kings of England”)	1125 Latin chronicle	Chronicle of British history includes a brief mention of Arthur and the first appearance of Gawain. An interpolation contains a story of Yder and Glastonbury.	Arthur Gawain	William of Malmesbury. William of Malmesbury’s Chronicle of the Kings of England, ed. and trans. J. A. Giles. London: Bohn, 1847.
Wirnt	Wirnt von Grafenberg Wigalois	early 13th c. German verse	Wigalois, son of Gawain, liberates an imprisoned country, marries its princess.	Korntin Lion Wigalois	Wirnt von Grafenberg. Wigalois: the Knight of Fortune’s Wheel, trans. J. W. Thomas. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1977.
Wolfram	Wolfram von Eschenbach Parzival	1200–1210 German verse	Greatest Middle High German romance adapts Chrétien de Troyes’s Perceval. Perceval achieves the Grail.	Anfortas Condwiramurs Feirefiz Gahmuret Gawain Grail Grail Family Perceval	Wolfram von Eschenbach. Parzival, trans. A. T. Hatto. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1980.
Wordsworth	William Wordsworth “The Egyptian Maid”	1828 English verse	Merlin destroys a ship and kills an Egyptian Princess. Galahad resurrects and marries her.	Egyptian Maid Nina Water Lily	Wordsworth, William. “The Egyptian Maid.” In The Poems of Wordsworth, ed. Andrew J. George. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1932.
Wrake	De Wrake van Ragisel (“The Avenging of Ragisel”)	early to mid 13th c. Dutch verse	Dutch adaptation of the French La Vengeance Raguidel.	Gawain Raguidel Yder	Sparnaay, Hendricus. “The Dutch Romances.” In Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, ed. R. S. Loomis. Oxford: Clarendon, 1959.
Yder	Yder	ealrly 13th c. French verse	The adventures of Yder at Arthur’s court. Arthur is portrayed as a tyrant.	Guenloie Kay Yder	Adams, Alison, ed. The Romance of Yder. Cambridge: Brewer, 1983.
Ysaie	Ysaïe le Triste (“Ysaïe the Sad”)	late 14th c. or early 15th c. French prose	Ysaïe (son of Tristan) and his son, Marc, strive to bring justice to an anarchic post-Arthurian Britain.	Auberon Marc Ysaïe	General
Ywain	Ywain and Gawain	1310–40 English verse	English adaptation of Chrétien de Troyes’s Yvain.	Yvain	Sheperd, Stephen H. A., ed. Ywaine and Gawain. In Middle English Romances. New York: Norton, 1995.